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reMix Adrian Andrei

Spring'steen's Comming

vineri, 29 februarie 2008

FALCO



OUT OF THE DARK
( INTO THE LIGHT )


Johann (Hans) Hölzel


FALCO





External links



Falco.at - official site, with lyrics, music clips, & more
Official Falco - a promotional site by Sony BMG
FALCO - Der Kommissar 2000 - Info site with RealAudio previews.
Falcofinder - Falco Search Engine.
Falco Billboard Single Charts Discography
Disco Museum - a history of Falco's life and career
Falco discography at MusicBrainz
Falco in the Internet Movie Database
Review of Falco's biopic


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxMS_F0H5_A





Falco's grave at Vienna Zentralfriedhof

joi, 28 februarie 2008

Copaci Ciuntiti de Primarie la Ramnicu Valcea

Privelistea din fata blocului



Eu fumez pe geam. Acum, ca a venit primavara, admir copacii nu de mult mai inalti ca blocul, ciuntiti pana la etajul I. Au fost fasonati acum o luna, cu scandal. Au sarit cu gura cativa pensionari. Au chemat politia, politia a anal’izat cateva cioate ( unii copaci au fost taiati pur si simplu, ca au si scapari oamenii primariei…) si nimic - deja cine a sunat a doua zi la politie a fost luat peste picior.


Au venit si de la un ziar local, Curierul de Ramnic, au scris un articol sau doua in care edilii erau facuti cretini.

La noi in ‘padurice’ spiritele s-au incins bine atunci. Sa iasa cu bataie si nu altceva. Una din pensionare ameninta muncitorii ca le va aprinde lumanari in biserica daca nu se opresc. Am ras. O tuciurie curatatoare de craci ( creci pe limba ei) scurta si dolofana a facut-o nebuna. Facea semnul ala sugestiv si banal prin vanturarea la tampla a degetelor ei scurte cu unghii de 5 mm. Alt tapinar giorsait ne-a recomandat aer conditionat daca n-avem oxigen. De ala stiu ca m-am luat urat de tot. Pai oratorul nu avea bani de o lama de ras si vorbea de climatizare. Parca ii simteam respiratia de dragon de la etaj, nu ca ar fi scuipat flacari, dar avea buza scurta sus si se ivea primavaratec cuva cu lopeti din gura nespalata cu lunile.


Ce sa mai, ca la urs. Sustinatorii operatiunii?
Pe fata, un gnom cu caciulita din aia de piele neagra cum se faceau la cooperatie pe vremea cand era el lingator. Agresiv si hotarat, pe pantofii lui pingeliti ca la rodeo, Jumatate-de-om-Calare-pe-jumatate-de-iepure-schiop le zicea ca in concediu la masa in sura. Impingea babutele si le trimetea la dreak’u de tampite si prapadite care nu si-au platit asociatia. Pupincuristul frustrat inventa asa cate o ‘vina’( AI SI datorii neplatite la asociatie!) si dupa dejectie acuza cu spume la gura: ‘Nu iti e rusine sa mai vorbesti cu asociatia neplatita?’ Pana sa strige babuta ca e minciuna si il da in judecata deja toti aveau in urechi glasul lui baritonal, rasunator ca din burlan (ce oare si-o fi indesat pe gat in jos piticania in epoca de aur de si-a largit asa gatisorul nu pot sa imi dau seama, ca sabii nu cred sa fi inghitit ?!).
Pe din dos, adica pe la spate, sustinuse ‘proiectul de fasonare intre 80 si 100%’ a copacilor din padurice un alt pensionar cu un singur plaman. Unul care face pe misteriosul, pe desteptul indirect, unul care la tinerete si-a inaltat cea mai semeata antena de bulgari in motul blocului, si cu ce credeti ca urca pe ea? Pai cu echipamentul de munte smecherul, ca el era cool de atunci si deosebit de original – THE MAN ! Si ramanea agatat acolo tot facandu-se ca aranjeaza ceva la antena gigant la ore de maxima audienta, cand populatia muncitoare se reintorcea in cuibusoare si privea la dansul. Doar daca mergeai cu fata la zid prin casa sau circulai numai pe hol nu dadeai cu ochii de preafericitul nostru imbracat pestrit si coco pe bloc ca girueta.
Ei asta era frustratul din umbra si nu e prima oara cand face asa, a mai lichidat copaci. Ii fac umbra. Ca de aer nu mai are nevoie, respira la jumatate.


Asa arata paduricea in care primavara trecuta imi clateam ochii. Acum privesc direct la balcoanele vecinilor. Si la cioturile de copaci cu taietura vopsita in albastrul cerului. Ele seamana teribil de bine cu vidanjorul piticanie pingelita si cu omul fara un plaman. Daca ma uit mai bine nu sunt cioturi, sunt monumetele frustrarii astora doi, intre blocurile gri.
EVIDENT CA ASTA SUNT! Pentru ca Primaria din Rm Valcea nu ciunteste copaci si nu distruge parcuri !


Primaria din Rm Valcea comite acte artistice.

miercuri, 27 februarie 2008

Sigmund Freud - Dream Psychology - DREAMS HAVE A MEANING

I . DREAMS HAVE A MEANING

In what we may term "prescientific days" people were in no uncertainty about the interpretation of dreams. When they were recalled after awakening they were regarded as either the friendly or hostil emanifestation of some higher powers, demoniacal and Divine. With the rise of scientific thought the whole of this expressive mythology was transferred to psychology; to-day there is but a small minority among educated persons who doubt that the dream is the dreamer's own psychicalact.

But since the downfall of the mythological hypothesis an interpretationof the dream has been wanting. The conditions of its origin; its relationship to our psychical life when we are awake; its independence of disturbances which, during the state of sleep, seem to compel notice; its many peculiarities repugnant to our waking thought; the incongruence between its images and the feelings they engender; then the dream's evanescence, the way in which, on awakening, our thoughts thrust itaside as something bizarre, and our reminiscences mutilating orrejecting it--all these and many other problems have for many hundredyears demanded answers which up till now could never have been satisfactory. Before all there is the question as to the meaning of the dream, a question which is in itself double-sided. There is, firstly,the psychical significance of the dream, its position with regard to the psychical processes, as to a possible biological function; secondly, has the dream a meaning--can sense be made of each single dream as of other mental syntheses?

Three tendencies can be observed in the estimation of dreams. Many philosophers have given currency to one of these tendencies, one which at the same time preserves something of the dream's formerover-valuation. The foundation of dream life is for them a peculiar state of psychical activity, which they even celebrate as elevation to some higher state. Schubert, for instance, claims: "The dream is the liberation of the spirit from the pressure of external nature, a detachment of the soul from the fetters of matter." Not all go so far as this, but many maintain that dreams have their origin in real spiritual excitations, and are the outward manifestations of spiritual powers whose free movements have been hampered during the day ("DreamPhantasies," Scherner, Volkelt). A large number of observers acknowledge that dream life is capable of extraordinary achievements--at any rate, in certain fields ("Memory").
In striking contradiction with this the majority of medical writers hardly admit that the dream is a psychical phenomenon at all. According to them dreams are provoked and initiated exclusively by stimuli proceeding from the senses or the body, which either reach the sleeperfrom without or are accidental disturbances of his internal organs. The dream has no greater claim to meaning and importance than the soundcalled forth by the ten fingers of a person quite unacquainted withmusic running his fingers over the keys of an instrument. The dream is to be regarded, says Binz, "as a physical process always useless, frequently morbid." All the peculiarities of dream life are explicableas the incoherent effort, due to some physiological stimulus, of certain organs, or of the cortical elements of a brain otherwise asleep.
But slightly affected by scientific opinion and untroubled as to the origin of dreams, the popular view holds firmly to the belief thatdreams really have got a meaning, in some way they do foretell the future, whilst the meaning can be unravelled in some way or other from its oft bizarre and enigmatical content. The reading of dreams consistsin replacing the events of the dream, so far as remembered, by other events. This is done either scene by scene, _according to some rigidkey_, or the dream as a whole is replaced by something else of which it was a _symbol_. Serious-minded persons laugh at these efforts--"Dreamsare but sea-foam!"

One day I discovered to my amazement that the popular view grounded in superstition, and not the medical one, comes nearer to the truth about dreams. I arrived at new conclusions about dreams by the use of a new method of psychological investigation, one which had rendered me good service in the investigation of phobias, obsessions, illusions, and thelike, and which, under the name "psycho-analysis," had found acceptance by a whole school of investigators. The manifold analogies of dream life with the most diverse conditions of psychical disease in the wakingstate have been rightly insisted upon by a number of medical observers. It seemed, therefore, _a priori_, hopeful to apply to the interpretation of dreams methods of investigation which had been tested in psychopathological processes. Obsessions and those peculiar sensations of haunting dread remain as strange to normal consciousness as do dreams to our waking consciousness; their origin is as unknown to consciousness as is that of dreams. It was practical ends that impelledus, in these diseases, to fathom their origin and formation. Experiencehad shown us that a cure and a consequent mastery of the obsessing ideas did result when once those thoughts, the connecting links between the morbid ideas and the rest of the psychical content, were revealed which were here tofore veiled from consciousness. The procedure I employed for the interpretation of dreams thus arose from psychotherapy.
This procedure is readily described, although its practice demands instruction and experience. Suppose the patient is suffering fromintense morbid dread. He is requested to direct his attention to the idea in question, without, however, as he has so frequently done, meditating upon it. Every impression about it, without any exception,which occurs to him should be imparted to the doctor. The statement which will be perhaps then made, that he cannot concentrate his attention upon anything at all, is to be countered by assuring him most positively that such a blank state of mind is utterly impossible. As a matter of fact, a great number of impressions will soon occur, with which others will associate themselves. These will be invariably accompanied by the expression of the observer's opinion that they have no meaning or are unimportant. It will be at once noticed that it is this self-criticism which prevented the patient from imparting the ideas, which had indeed already excluded them from consciousness. If the patient can be induced to abandon this self-criticism and to pursue the trains of thought which are yielded by concentrating the attention, most significant matter will be obtained, matter which will be presently seen to be clearly linked to the morbid idea in question. Its connection withother ideas will be manifest, and later on will permit the replacementof the morbid idea by a fresh one, which is perfectly adapted to psychical continuity.
This is not the place to examine thoroughly the hypothesis upon which this experiment rests, or the deductions which follow from its invariable success. It must suffice to state that we obtain matter enough for the resolution of every morbid idea if we especially direct our attention to the _unbidden_ associations _which disturb ourthoughts_--those which are otherwise put aside by the critic asworthless refuse. If the procedure is exercised on oneself, the best plan of helping the experiment is to write down at once all one's first indistinct fancies.
I will now point out where this method leads when I apply it to the examination of dreams. Any dream could be made use of in this way. From certain motives I, however, choose a dream of my own, which appears confused and meaningless to my memory, and one which has the advantage of brevity. Probably my dream of last night satisfies the requirements. Its content, fixed immediately after awakening, runs as follows:
_"Company; at table or table d'hote.... Spinach is served. Mrs. E.L.,sitting next to me, gives me her undivided attention, and places her hand familiarly upon my knee. In defence I remove her hand. Then she says: 'But you have always had such beautiful eyes.'.... I then distinctly see something like two eyes as a sketch or as the contour of a spectacle lens...."_
This is the whole dream, or, at all events, all that I can remember. It appears to me not only obscure and meaningless, but more especially odd. Mrs. E.L. is a person with whom I am scarcely on visiting terms, nor to my knowledge have I ever desired any more cordial relationship. I have not seen her for a long time, and do not think there was any mention of her recently. No emotion whatever accompanied the dream process.
Reflecting upon this dream does not make it a bit clearer to my mind. I will now, however, present the ideas, without premeditation and without criticism, which introspection yielded. I soon notice that it is an advantage to break up the dream into its elements, and to search out the ideas which link themselves to each fragment.
_Company; at table or table d'hote._ The recollection of the slightevent with which the evening of yesterday ended is at once called up. I left a small party in the company of a friend, who offered to drive me home in his cab. "I prefer a taxi," he said; "that gives one such a pleasant occupation; there is always something to look at." When we were in the cab, and the cab-driver turned the disc so that the first sixtyhellers were visible, I continued the jest. "We have hardly got in and we already owe sixty hellers. The taxi always reminds me of the tabled'hote. It makes me avaricious and selfish by continuously reminding me of my debt. It seems to me to mount up too quickly, and I am always afraid that I shall be at a disadvantage, just as I cannot resist attable d'hote the comical fear that I am getting too little, that I mustlook after myself." In far-fetched connection with this I quote:
"To earth, this weary earth, ye bring us, To guilt ye let us heedless go."

Another idea about the table d'hote. A few weeks ago I was very crosswith my dear wife at the dinner-table at a Tyrolese health resort,because she was not sufficiently reserved with some neighbors with whom I wished to have absolutely nothing to do. I begged her to occupy herself rather with me than with the strangers. That is just as if I had_been at a disadvantage at the table d'hote_. The contrast between the behavior of my wife at the table and that of Mrs. E.L. in the dream nowstrikes me: _"Addresses herself entirely to me."_
Further, I now notice that the dream is the reproduction of a little scene which transpired between my wife and myself when I was secretly courting her. The caressing under cover of the tablecloth was an answer to a wooer's passionate letter. In the dream, however, my wife is replaced by the unfamiliar E.L.
Mrs. E.L. is the daughter of a man to whom I _owed money_! I cannot help noticing that here there is revealed an unsuspected connection between the dream content and my thoughts. If the chain of associations befollowed up which proceeds from one element of the dream one is soon ledback to another of its elements. The thoughts evoked by the dream stirup associations which were not noticeable in the dream itself.
Is it not customary, when some one expects others to look after his interests without any advantage to themselves, to ask the innocent question satirically: "Do you think this will be done _for the sake of your beautiful eyes_?" Hence Mrs. E.L.'s speech in the dream. "You have always had such beautiful eyes," means nothing but "people always do everything to you for love of you; you have had _everything for nothing_." The contrary is, of course, the truth; I have always paid dearly for whatever kindness others have shown me. Still, the fact that_I had a ride for nothing_ yesterday when my friend drove me home in his cab must have made an impression upon me.
In any case, the friend whose guests we were yesterday has often made me his debtor. Recently I allowed an opportunity of requiting him to go by.He has had only one present from me, an antique shawl, upon which eyesare painted all round, a so-called Occhiale, as a _charm_ against the_Malocchio_. Moreover, he is an _eye specialist_. That same evening I had asked him after a patient whom I had sent to him for _glasses_.
As I remarked, nearly all parts of the dream have been brought into this new connection. I still might ask why in the dream it was _spinach_that was served up. Because spinach called up a little scene which recently occurred at our table. A child, whose _beautiful eyes_ are really deserving of praise, refused to eat spinach. As a child I was just the same; for a long time I loathed _spinach_, until in later life my tastes altered, and it became one of my favorite dishes. The mention of this dish brings my own childhood and that of my child's near together. "You should be glad that you have some spinach," his mother had said to the little gourmet. "Some children would be very glad to get spinach." Thus I am reminded of the parents' duties towards their children. Goethe's words--
"To earth, this weary earth, ye bring us, To guilt ye let us heedless go"
take on another meaning in this connection.

Here I will stop in order that I may recapitulate the results of the analysis of the dream. By following the associations which were linked to the single elements of the dream torn from their context, I have been led to a series of thoughts and reminiscences where I am bound to recognize interesting expressions of my psychical life. The matteryielded by an analysis of the dream stands in intimate relationship with the dream content, but this relationship is so special that I should never have been able to have inferred the new discoveries directly from the dream itself. The dream was passionless, disconnected, and unintelligible. During the time that I am unfolding the thoughts at the back of the dream I feel intense and well-grounded emotions. The thoughts themselves fit beautifully together into chains logically bound together with certain central ideas which ever repeat themselves. Such ideas not represented in the dream itself are in this instance theantitheses _selfish, unselfish, to be indebted, to work for nothing_. I could draw closer the threads of the web which analysis has disclosed, and would then be able to show how they all run together into a single knot; I am debarred from making this work public by considerations of a private, not of a scientific, nature. After having cleared up many things which I do not willingly acknowledge as mine, I should have much to reveal which had better remain my secret. Why, then, do not I choose another dream whose analysis would be more suitable for publication, so that I could awaken a fairer conviction of the sense and cohesion of the results disclosed by analysis? The answer is, because every dream which I investigate leads to the same difficulties and places me under the same need of discretion; nor should I forgo this difficulty any the more were I to analyze the dream of some one else. That could only be done when opportunity allowed all concealment to be dropped without injury to those who trusted me.
The conclusion which is now forced upon me is that the dream is a _sortof substitution_ for those emotional and intellectual trains of thought which I attained after complete analysis. I do not yet know the process by which the dream arose from those thoughts, but I perceive that it is wrong to regard the dream as psychically unimportant, a purely physical process which has arisen from the activity of isolated cortical elements awakened out of sleep.
I must further remark that the dream is far shorter than the thoughts which I hold it replaces; whilst analysis discovered that the dream was provoked by an unimportant occurrence the evening before the dream.

Naturally, I would not draw such far-reaching conclusions if only one analysis were known to me. Experience has shown me that when the associations of any dream are honestly followed such a chain of thoughtis revealed, the constituent parts of the dream reappear correctly and sensibly linked together; the slight suspicion that this concatenation was merely an accident of a single first observation must, therefore,be absolutely relinquished. I regard it, therefore, as my right to establish this new view by a proper nomenclature. I contrast the dream which my memory evokes with the dream and other added matter revealed by analysis: the former I call the dream's _manifest content_; the latter,without at first further subdivision, its _latent content_. I arrive at two new problems hitherto unformulated:
(1) What is the psychical process which has transformed the latent content of the dream into its manifest content?
(2) What is the motive or the motives which have made such transformation exigent? The process by which the change from latent to manifest content is executed I name the _dream-work_. In contrast with this is the _work of analysis_, which produces the reverse transformation. The other problems of the dream--the inquiry as to its stimuli, as to the source of its materials, as to its possible purpose, the function of dreaming, the forgetting of dreams--these I will discussin connection with the latent dream-content.
I shall take every care to avoid a confusion between the _manifest_ and the _latent content_, for I ascribe all the contradictory as well as the incorrect accounts of dream-life to the ignorance of this latent content, now first laid bare through analysis.
The conversion of the latent dream thoughts into those manifest deserves our close study as the first known example of the transformation of psychical stuff from one mode of expression into another. From a mode of expression which, moreover, is readily intelligible into another which we can only penetrate by effort and with guidance, although this newmode must be equally reckoned as an effort of our own psychicalactivity. From the standpoint of the relationship of latent to manifest dream-content, dreams can be divided into three classes. We can, in the first place, distinguish those dreams which have a _meaning_ and are, atthe same time, _intelligible_, which allow us to penetrate into ourpsychical life without further ado. Such dreams are numerous; they are usually short, and, as a general rule, do not seem very noticeable, because everything remarkable or exciting surprise is absent. Their occurrence is, moreover, a strong argument against the doctrine which derives the dream from the isolated activity of certain cortical elements. All signs of a lowered or subdivided psychical activity are wanting. Yet we never raise any objection to characterizing them as dreams, nor do we confound them with the products of our waking life.

A second group is formed by those dreams which are indeed self-coherentand have a distinct meaning, but appear strange because we are unable to reconcile their meaning with our mental life. That is the case when we dream, for instance, that some dear relative has died of plague when we know of no ground for expecting, apprehending, or assuming anything of the sort; we can only ask ourself wonderingly: "What brought that into my head?" To the third group those dreams belong which are void of bothmeaning and intelligibility; they are _incoherent, complicated, and meaningless_. The overwhelming number of our dreams partake of this character, and this has given rise to the contemptuous attitude towards dreams and the medical theory of their limited psychical activity. It is especially in the longer and more complicated dream-plots that signs of incoherence are seldom missing.
The contrast between manifest and latent dream-content is clearly only of value for the dreams of the second and more especially for those of the third class. Here are problems which are only solved when the manifest dream is replaced by its latent content; it was an example of this kind, a complicated and unintelligible dream, that we subjected toanalysis. Against our expectation we, however, struck upon reasons whichprevented a complete cognizance of the latent dream thought. On the repetition of this same experience we were forced to the supposition that there is an _intimate bond, with laws of its own, between theunintelligible and complicated nature of the dream and the difficulties attending communication of the thoughts connected with the dream_.Before investigating the nature of this bond, it will be advantageous to turn our attention to the more readily intelligible dreams of the first class where, the manifest and latent content being identical, the dreamwork seems to be omitted.
The investigation of these dreams is also advisable from another standpoint. The dreams of _children_ are of this nature; they have a meaning, and are not bizarre. This, by the way, is a further objection to reducing dreams to a dissociation of cerebral activity in sleep, for why should such a lowering of psychical functions belong to the nature of sleep in adults, but not in children? We are, however, fully justified in expecting that the explanation of psychical processes in children, essentially simplified as they may be, should serve as an indispensable preparation towards the psychology of the adult.
I shall therefore cite some examples of dreams which I have gathered from children. A girl of nineteen months was made to go without foodfor a day because she had been sick in the morning, and, according to nurse, had made herself ill through eating strawberries. During the night, after her day of fasting, she was heard calling out her name during sleep, and adding: "_Tawberry, eggs, pap_." She is dreaming that she is eating, and selects out of her menu exactly what she supposes she will not get much of just now.
The same kind of dream about a forbidden dish was that of a little boy of twenty-two months. The day before he was told to offer his uncle a present of a small basket of cherries, of which the child was, of course, only allowed one to taste. He woke up with the joyful news:"Hermann eaten up all the cherries."
A girl of three and a half years had made during the day a sea trip which was too short for her, and she cried when she had to get out of the boat. The next morning her story was that during the night she had been on the sea, thus continuing the interrupted trip.
A boy of five and a half years was not at all pleased with his partyduring a walk in the Dachstein region. Whenever a new peak came intosight he asked if that were the Dachstein, and, finally, refused to accompany the party to the waterfall. His behavior was ascribed to fatigue; but a better explanation was forthcoming when the next morning he told his dream: _he had ascended the Dachstein_. Obviously he expected the ascent of the Dachstein to be the object of the excursion,and was vexed by not getting a glimpse of the mountain. The dream gavehim what the day had withheld. The dream of a girl of six was similar; her father had cut short the walk before reaching the promised objectiveon account of the lateness of the hour. On the way back she noticed a signpost giving the name of another place for excursions; her father promised to take her there also some other day. She greeted her father next day with the news that she had dreamt that _her father had been with her to both places_.

What is common in all these dreams is obvious. They completely satisfy wishes excited during the day which remain unrealized. They are simplyand undisguisedly realizations of wishes.
The following child-dream, not quite understandable at first sight, is nothing else than a wish realized. On account of poliomyelitis a girl, not quite four years of age, was brought from the country into town, and remained over night with a childless aunt in a big--for her, naturally, huge--bed. The next morning she stated that she had dreamt that _the bed was much too small for her, so that she could find no place in it_.To explain this dream as a wish is easy when we remember that to be"big" is a frequently expressed wish of all children. The bigness of the bed reminded Miss Little-Would-be-Big only too forcibly of hersmallness. This nasty situation became righted in her dream, and she grew so big that the bed now became too small for her.
Even when children's dreams are complicated and polished, their comprehension as a realization of desire is fairly evident. A boy of eight dreamt that he was being driven with Achilles in a war-chariot, guided by Diomedes. The day before he was assiduously reading about great heroes. It is easy to show that he took these heroes as his models, and regretted that he was not living in those days.
From this short collection a further characteristic of the dreams of children is manifest--_their connection with the life of the day_. The desires which are realized in these dreams are left over from the day or, as a rule, the day previous, and the feeling has become intently emphasized and fixed during the day thoughts. Accidental and indifferent matters, or what must appear so to the child, find no acceptance in the contents of the dream.
Innumerable instances of such dreams of the infantile type can be found among adults also, but, as mentioned, these are mostly exactly like the manifest content. Thus, a random selection of persons will generally respond to thirst at night-time with a dream about drinking, thusstriving to get rid of the sensation and to let sleep continue. Many persons frequently have these comforting _dreams_ before waking, just when they are called. They then dream that they are already up, that they are washing, or already in school, at the office, etc., where they ought to be at a given time. The night before an intended journey one not infrequently dreams that one has already arrived at the destination; before going to a play or to a party the dream not infrequently anticipates, in impatience, as it were, the expected pleasure. At other times the dream expresses the realization of the desire somewhat indirectly; some connection, some sequel must be known--the first step towards recognizing the desire. Thus, when a husband related to me the dream of his young wife, that her monthly period had begun, I had to bethink myself that the young wife would have expected a pregnancy if the period had been absent. The dream is then a sign of pregnancy. Its meaning is that it shows the wish realized that pregnancy should not occur just yet. Under unusual and extreme circumstances, these dreams of the infantile type become very frequent. The leader of a polar expedition tells us, for instance, that during the wintering amid the ice the crew, with their monotonous diet and slight rations, dreamt regularly, like children, of fine meals, of mountains of tobacco, and of home.
It is not uncommon that out of some long, complicated and intricate dream one specially lucid part stands out containing unmistakably the realization of a desire, but bound up with much unintelligible matter.On more frequently analyzing the seemingly more transparent dreams of adults, it is astonishing to discover that these are rarely as simple as the dreams of children, and that they cover another meaning beyond that of the realization of a wish.
It would certainly be a simple and convenient solution of the riddle if the work of analysis made it at all possible for us to trace the meaningless and intricate dreams of adults back to the infantile type, to the realization of some intensely experienced desire of the day. Butthere is no warrant for such an expectation. Their dreams are generallyfull of the most indifferent and bizarre matter, and no trace of therealization of the wish is to be found in their content.
Before leaving these infantile dreams, which are obviously unrealized desires, we must not fail to mention another chief characteristic of dreams, one that has been long noticed, and one which stands out most clearly in this class. I can replace any of these dreams by a phrase expressing a desire. If the sea trip had only lasted longer; if I were only washed and dressed; if I had only been allowed to keep the cherries instead of giving them to my uncle. But the dream gives something more than the choice, for here the desire is already realized; its realization is real and actual. The dream presentations consist chiefly,if not wholly, of scenes and mainly of visual sense images. Hence a kind of transformation is not entirely absent in this class of dreams, and this may be fairly designated as the dream work.
_An idea merely existing in the region of possibility is replaced by a vision of its accomplishment._

Sigmund Freud - Dream Psychology I

DREAM PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOANALYSIS FOR BEGINNERS
BY
PROF. DR. SIGMUND FREUD


AUTHORIZED ENGLISH TRANSLATION
BY
M.D. EDER

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
ANDRE TRIDON
Author of "Psychoanalysis, its History, Theory and Practice."
"Psychoanalysis and Behavior" and "Psychoanalysis, Sleep and Dreams"

NEW YORK
THE JAMES A. McCANN COMPANY
1920

THE JAMES A. McCANN COMPANY
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.



INTRODUCTION
The medical profession is justly conservative. Human life should not be considered as the proper material for wild experiments.
Conservatism, however, is too often a welcome excuse for lazy minds, loath to adapt themselves to fast changing conditions.
Remember the scornful reception which first was accorded to Freud's discoveries in the domain of the unconscious.
When after years of patient observations, he finally decided to appear before medical bodies to tell them modestly of some facts which always recurred in his dream and his patients' dreams, he was first laughed atand then avoided as a crank.
The words "dream interpretation" were and still are indeed fraught with unpleasant, unscientific associations. They remind one of all sorts of childish, superstitious notions, which make up the thread and woof of dream books, read by none but the ignorant and the primitive.
The wealth of detail, the infinite care never to let anything pass unexplained, with which he presented to the public the result of his investigations, are impressing more and more serious-minded scientists,but the examination of his evidential data demands arduous work and presupposes an absolutely open mind.
This is why we still encounter men, totally unfamiliar with Freud's writings, men who were not even interested enough in the subject to attempt an interpretation of their dreams or their patients' dreams, deriding Freud's theories and combatting them with the help of statements which he never made.
Some of them, like Professor Boris Sidis, reach at times conclusions which are strangely similar to Freud's, but in their ignorance of psychoanalytic literature, they fail to credit Freud for observations antedating theirs.
Besides those who sneer at dream study, because they have never looked into the subject, there are those who do not dare to face the facts revealed by dream study. Dreams tell us many an unpleasant biological truth about ourselves and only very free minds can thrive on such adiet. Self-deception is a plant which withers fast in the pellucid atmosphere of dream investigation.
The weakling and the neurotic attached to his neurosis are not anxiousto turn such a powerful searchlight upon the dark corners of their psychology.
Freud's theories are anything but theoretical.
He was moved by the fact that there always seemed to be a close connection between his patients' dreams and their mental abnormalities, to collect thousands of dreams and to compare them with the casehistories in his possession.
He did not start out with a preconceived bias, hoping to find evidence which might support his views. He looked at facts a thousand times "until they began to tell him something."
His attitude toward dream study was, in other words, that of a statistician who does not know, and has no means of foreseeing, whatconclusions will be forced on him by the information he is gathering, but who is fully prepared to accept those unavoidable conclusions.
This was indeed a novel way in psychology. Psychologists had always been wont to build, in what Bleuler calls "autistic ways," that is through methods in no wise supported by evidence, some attractive hypothesis,which sprung from their brain, like Minerva from Jove's brain, fully armed.
After which, they would stretch upon that unyielding frame the hide of a reality which they had previously killed.
It is only to minds suffering from the same distortions, to minds also autistically inclined, that those empty, artificial structures appear acceptable molds for philosophic thinking.
The pragmatic view that "truth is what works" had not been as yet expressed when Freud published his revolutionary views on the psychologyof dreams.
Five facts of first magnitude were made obvious to the world by his interpretation of dreams.
First of all, Freud pointed out a constant connection between some part of every dream and some detail of the dreamer's life during the previous waking state. This positively establishes a relation between sleeping states and waking states and disposes of the widely prevalent view that dreams are purely nonsensical phenomena coming from nowhere and leadingnowhere.
Secondly, Freud, after studying the dreamer's life and modes of thought, after noting down all his mannerisms and the apparently insignificant details of his conduct which reveal his secret thoughts, came to the conclusion that there was in every dream the attempted or successful gratification of some wish, conscious or unconscious.
Thirdly, he proved that many of our dream visions are symbolical, which causes us to consider them as absurd and unintelligible; the universality of those symbols, however, makes them very transparent to the trained observer.
Fourthly, Freud showed that sexual desires play an enormous part in our unconscious, a part which puritanical hypocrisy has always tried to minimize, if not to ignore entirely.
Finally, Freud established a direct connection between dreams and insanity, between the symbolic visions of our sleep and the symbolic actions of the mentally deranged.
There were, of course, many other observations which Freud made while dissecting the dreams of his patients, but not all of them present as much interest as the foregoing nor were they as revolutionary or likely to wield as much influence on modern psychiatry.
Other explorers have struck the path blazed by Freud and leading into man's unconscious. Jung of Zurich, Adler of Vienna and Kempf of Washington, D.C., have made to the study of the unconscious, contributions which have brought that study into fields which Freud himself never dreamt of invading.
One fact which cannot be too emphatically stated, however, is that butfor Freud's wish fulfillment theory of dreams, neither Jung's "energic theory," nor Adler's theory of "organ inferiority and compensation,"nor Kempf's "dynamic mechanism" might have been formulated.
Freud is the father of modern abnormal psychology and he established the psychoanalytical point of view. No one who is not well grounded in Freudian lore can hope to achieve any work of value in the field of psychoanalysis.
On the other hand, let no one repeat the absurd assertion that Freudismis a sort of religion bounded with dogmas and requiring an act of faith. Freudism as such was merely a stage in the development of psychoanalysis, a stage out of which all but a few bigoted campfollowers, totally lacking in originality, have evolved. Thousands of stones have been added to the structure erected by the Viennese physician and many more will be added in the course of time.
But the new additions to that structure would collapse like a house of cards but for the original foundations which are as indestructible as Harvey's statement as to the circulation of the blood.
Regardless of whatever additions or changes have been made to the original structure, the analytic point of view remains unchanged.
That point of view is not only revolutionising all the methods of diagnosis and treatment of mental derangements, but compelling the intelligent, up-to-date physician to revise entirely his attitude to almost every kind of disease.
The insane are no longer absurd and pitiable people, to be herded in asylums till nature either cures them or relieves them, through death, of their misery. The insane who have not been made so by actual injury to their brain or nervous system, are the victims of unconscious forces which cause them to do abnormally things which they might be helped to do normally.
Insight into one's psychology is replacing victoriously sedatives and rest cures.
Physicians dealing with "purely" physical cases have begun to take into serious consideration the "mental" factors which have predisposed a patient to certain ailments.
Freud's views have also made a revision of all ethical and social values unavoidable and have thrown an unexpected flood of light upon literary and artistic accomplishment.
But the Freudian point of view, or more broadly speaking, the psychoanalytic point of view, shall ever remain a puzzle to those who, from laziness or indifference, refuse to survey with the great Viennese the field over which he carefully groped his way. We shall never be convinced until we repeat under his guidance all his laboratory experiments.
We must follow him through the thickets of the unconscious, through the land which had never been charted because academic philosophers, following the line of least effort, had decided _a priori_ that it could not be charted.
Ancient geographers, when exhausting their store of information about distant lands, yielded to an unscientific craving for romance and, without any evidence to support their day dreams, filled the blankspaces left on their maps by unexplored tracts with amusing inserts suchas "Here there are lions."
Thanks to Freud's interpretation of dreams the "royal road" into the unconscious is now open to all explorers. They shall not find lions,they shall find man himself, and the record of all his life and of his struggle with reality.
And it is only after seeing man as his unconscious, revealed by his dreams, presents him to us that we shall understand him fully. For as Freud said to Putnam: "We are what we are because we have been what we have been."
Not a few serious-minded students, however, have been discouraged from attempting a study of Freud's dream psychology.
The book in which he originally offered to the world his interpretation of dreams was as circumstantial as a legal record to be pondered over by scientists at their leisure, not to be assimilated in a few hours by the average alert reader. In those days, Freud could not leave out any detail likely to make his extremely novel thesis evidentially acceptable to those willing to sift data.
Freud himself, however, realized the magnitude of the task which there ading of his _magnum opus_ imposed upon those who have not been prepared for it by long psychological and scientific training and heabstracted from that gigantic work the parts which constitute the essential of his discoveries.
The publishers of the present book deserve credit for presenting to the reading public the gist of Freud's psychology in the master's own words,and in a form which shall neither discourage beginners, nor appear too elementary to those who are more advanced in psychoanalytic study.
Dream psychology is the key to Freud's works and to all modern psychology. With a simple, compact manual such as _Dream Psychology_there shall be no longer any excuse for ignorance of the mostrevolutionary psychological system of modern times.


ANDRE TRIDON. 121 Madison Avenue, New York. November, 1920.


In drum spre Kosovo





Una din putinele mele amintiri reprimate s-a decupat in vara anului 1997, in Serbia.
Am urmat o invitatia unui amic cunoscut in Austria. M-a vizitat in Germania intr-un weekend. Si in Belgia. M-am trezit ca raspunde la invitatii, m-am trezit cu el pe cap in doua randuri.

Sa explic de ce spun asta:
-Mie nu imi place sa scriu scrisori, nu ma omor cu vorbitul la telefon. Motiv pentru care, atunci cand totusi scriu, umplu 20 de pagini. Iar cand ma hotarasc sa dau un telefon, aleg un numar la care nu am mai sunat de mult sa vad daca mai e valabil. Cam asa s-a intamplat de doua ori cu Mladen. L-am sunat din Germania si l-am si invitat intr-un final sa treaca prin Frankfurt cand are un weekend liber. Ce a facut sarbul? A sunat si el tot asa brusc ca vine. Nu m-am invatat minte si am repetat figura si din Anvers, 8 luni mai tarziu. Surpriza! Mda…a venit si in Anvers. Clar, mi-am dat atunci seama ca nu ne potrivim. Eu cand lansez invitatii o fac protocolar, ma astept ca amicii sa procedeze ca mine, adica nici prin cap sa nu le treaca ca ar putea onora ….

S-au lansat si invitatii in tara fiecaruia de origine. Eu, nu stiu de ce, nu m-am gandit sa il ‘invit’ in Valcea, cum ar fi fost normal. Nici in Braila unde m-am nascut. Dintr-un motiv mult mai profund probabil, i-am povestit de Obcinele Bucovinei si Maramures.
Cam asa si el, originar din partea Pojarevat-ului, m-a invitat intr-un weekend la Kosovska Mitrovica. Si numai acolo. A fost prima invitatie de felul asta pe care am incercat sa o onorez. Nu a fost sa fie.

Aveam sa ma intalnesc cu el si inca un amic ( nefast amicul asta!) in Austria, cateva luni mai tarziu. Toti trei intr-o dubita de cosmar – cand au inceput sa scoata la vama din ea nu se mai termina cate aveau sarbii acolo!!!! – am plecat direct la Kosovska Mitrovica sa mancam nu mai stiu ce fel de ciudatenie pomeneau ei, un platou imens, un munte de carne si preparate din carne banuiesc. Vorbesc limba lor dupa ureche, nu mai stiu cum de am prins-o si pe asta. Oricum, nu erau tampiti, vorbeau ei germana binisor pentru niste straini plecati sa munceasca in alta tara. Spre deosebire de romanii mei care stau cu anii prin tari latine si se aude limba aia in gura lor ca dintr-un canal de mahala.

Asa, sa spun mai departe. Trec peste faptul ca erau amandoi in extaz, ca au pus muzica la maxim si au cantat tot drumul. Crapau de fericire ca merg acasa. Am adormit intr-un tarziu, in zgomot, iar la trezire, dupa cafea si tigare, cand am intrebat cat mai e pana in Pojarevat, stupoare! Trecusem de Pojarevat!
Am ramas masca. Adica ei nu au trecut pe acasa, mergeam direct la drak in praznic cu mobila, televizoare, motoare si cadouri pentru prieteni dupa noi?!

Oricum, am ajuns si la Pojarevat, mai repede decat ne asteptam.
Sa vedeti imediat de ce asa.
Pe la amiaza au inceput sa se sfatuiasca unde sa mancam seara. Ca mimozele. S-au sucit, s-au gandit, au oprit la un restaurant, apoi la un hotel….nu s-au hotarat decat tarziu, pe la 9 in ce directie sa o ia, si dupa un ocol serios pe cea mai crapata sosea posibila, am ajuns.
Eram intepenita, capul imi pleznea de muzica sarbeasca, curent si entuziasmul altora. Alegerea insa a fost super inspirata, intr-un fel. Trepte de piatra veche, un restaurant ascuns vederii din strada, camuflat de ruine, imbracat intr-un soi de maces salbatic – posibil sa aberez, dar cu macesul nostru copt semanau tufele alea. Pot sa spun ca nu mai intrasem in viata mea intr-un restaurant atat de ‘salbatic’.

Acolo am vazut si primii haiduci din viata mea. Nici acum nu stiu de unde au aparut. Mancam deja, toti trei, eu si amicul meu de o parte a mesei, prietenul sau cu plete de cealalta parte, cand au aparut brusc poate 5, poate mai multi indivizi masivi, inarmati cu pistoale ciudate, badarane, nu stiu ce dracului erau, pareau recuzita din ‘Haiducii lui sapte cai’, ‘Pintea’, ‘Iancu Jianu’. Unul din ei a zmucit scaunul pe care statea Dragan, noua mea cunostinta, aruncandu-l cat colo intr-un colt al separeului. Altul l-a apucat de par si i-a lipit teava lunga a pistolului de tampla. Nu pareau beti, e primul lucru de care m-am mirat cand am inceput sa imi revin din soc. Am ramas pur si simplu cu gura cascata, foarte atenta. Auzeam in fiecare centimetru de corp cum imi bate inima. Amicul meu Mladen privea si el atent la cei din fata noastra si la prietenul sau trantit la pamant.

La inceput nu am inteles nimic din ce maraiau agresorii. Nu numai armele lor, dar si ei pareau actorii unor filme cu haiduci. Erau solizi toti, cu fete late si parul netuns, purtau veste ciudate, parca toti aveau veste…ce sa mai, era ca in filme! Nu stiu cat a durat pana cand panica, ameteala, s-au ridicat ca un abur scurt. Atunci am privit in stanga, spre Mladen. M-a vazut si fara sa ma priveasca mi-a spus ‘ Sedi, nista ne pricaj!’. Un fel de stai si taci.

Apoi s-a intamplat ca privirea sa mi se incruciseze cu unul dintre cei care stateau bine infipti in picioare, cu arma in mana. Nu ma privea cu ura, cum il priveau pe cel trantit la pamant. M-a fixat. A facut un semn scurt cu capul spre Mladen si m-a intrebat: Tvoj muj?. Ce bine ca am inteles si ca nu a intrebat mai multe! L-am privit fix si stiu eu ca nu mi s-a citit teama in ochi. I-am zis ca da.
Nu a reactionat. Am simtit insa ca nu aveau ceva cu mine. Si nici cu el.

Cu cel trantit la pamant insa da. Si era si deosebit de noi doi. De ce spun asta? Pai era genul de tip infatuat, foarte sigur pe el, umflat si la propriu si la figurat, plin de aur pe toate partile. Genul de tip nu foarte doxa care face bani pe santier in Austria, ( zic si eu santier aiurea, nu ca am habar ce lucra el acolo) si cand se intoarce in satul lui isi face casa cu lift fara sa aiba handicapati in batatura. Mai tranteste si o piscina in fata! Mai lasa si Mercedesul afara din garaj asa in scarba.
Era diferit de noi. Eu una si cand ma imbrac extravagant am ceva clasic ca sa zic asa. Iar amicul meu Mladen e de un firesc incredibil. E atat de natural ca in lumea asta sucita pare suspect. Ei bine, oamenilor aia veniti din film le-a parut exact asa cum era. Nu stiu ce fel de pacate or avea ei daca au citit atat de bine si fara suspiciune un om asupra caruia multi pana atunci si de atunci incolo aveau dubii. Da, asta trebuia eu sa spun de la inceput despre amicul meu: E de un firesc INCREDIBIL!

A mai fost ceva atunci. Muzica nu a incetat ca cante. Ospatarii nu au incetat sa serveasca. Patronul a privit fara sa intervina. Nimeni nu a chemat politia. L-au si lovit pe cel trantit de cateva ori. Mai mult in scarba. L-au scuipat. Si mult timp l-au tinut cu porcaria aia de pistol cu teava foarte lunga la tampla. Pana am iesit eu si Mladen afara.
Omul ala care m-a fixat la inceput ne-a zis ca putem pleca. Nu parea seful lor. A schimbat o privire cu un altul a carui fata chiar am evitat sa o privesc. Nu de alta, dar poate imi fortam norocul.
Apoi ‘haiducul’ l-a intrebat pe Mladen daca are cheile de la dubita cu numar de Austria. Stia cu ce masina am venit.
Erau la Dragan. Le-a cerut si i le-a dat lui Mladen in mana. Nu le-a aruncat pe masa, nu le-a trantit pe jos. Pe noi doi nu ne-a umilit in nici un fel. Ne-a spus sa luam dubita din parcare, altfel ramanem fara ea.


Am iesit si am asteptat afara. 20 de minute, cam asa. Pana la urma a iesit si Dragan viu si nevatamat. Mut si vanat de furie. Nu am mers mai departe. Ne-am intors atunci spre Pojarevat. A fost un weekend trist, drumul de intoarcere apasator. Dragan a tacut si a condus. Eu si Mladen vorbeam in soapta, l-am lasat in pace. A condus si a baut wisky din sticla, tot drumul. Mi-a dat si mie de cateva ori. In rest, mormant!
Nu peste mult timp NATO avea sa bombardeze Serbia. Am tot vazut in poze un pod, si il vad si acum pazit de soldati. Cred ca podul ala l-as fi trecut atunci daca nu ne statea cina in gat.
Oricum, nu stiu cat de departe eram de Kosovska Mitrovica, dar eram departe. Nu am fost atacati in Kosovo. In Serbia am fost atacati.
Amicul meu nu mi-a explicat nimic. Pe drum nu se putea, la Pojarevat am ajuns obositi, iar a doua zi m-a rugat sa uitam de toate. Nu am insistat.

Va spun insa ce banuiesc eu ca s-a intamplat. Cred ca multi sarbi nu au plecat la ‘munca in strainatate’ pentru ca traiau bine pe atunci in Yugoslavia. Au ramas aproape. Au ramas aproape si cand a venit razboiul, cu porcariile si saracia lui. Nu s-au ingesuit la granite, nu au privit razboiul din Elvetia, la stiri. Au ramas saraci. Casele lor s-au crapat. Aveau sa ridice altele noi numai cei plecati printre straini, absentii, sobolanii care au parasit corabia. Am inteles eu cate ceva atunci din ce aruncau ei printer dinti. Nu tot si imi pare rau, dar am inteles.
Cred ca la ei lucrurile stau altfel decat in Romania. Mai pe sleau aia care veneau cu masini smechere si kilograme de aur la gat, riscau sa ramana fara creieri. Chiar asa s-a exprimat unul din atacatori atunci, cand i-au pus pistoulul la tampla. A spus: ‘vreau sa iti vad creierul’.
Cei plecati nu erau nici smecheri, nici de invidiat. Nici tolerati de cele mai multe ori nu erau. Clar faptul ca sarbilor nu le place sa vorbeasca despre asta. Insa aia, atunci, in restaurant, numai betivi sau talhari nu au fost.
Ca ma insel sau nu in teoria asta, un lucru e insa clar. De data asta e greu sa privesti lucrurile din afara. Iti va scapa esentialul. Multe la ei sunt diferite, ce am enumerat eu aici e mica parte din ochii unui turist de weekend care zicea sa ia masa acolo unde sarbii au crezut ca e de mers daca nu ai vazut niciodata tara lor.
Si nu stiu ce ma face sa cred ca restaurantul din Kosovo nu era nici mai elegant si nici mai aproape decat cele din Pojarevat sau Beograd. Nici sarbii cu care am plecat la drum nu erau cei mai patrioti dintre sarbi.